| Ketones are the acids or toxins produced when blood
glucose rises in the absence of insulin. Large amounts of ketones
in the blood can cause a life-threatening problem called diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Call your
doctor if your ketones are moderate and your blood glucose is over
240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L). Ketoacidosis occurs most often in Type
1 diabetes. It is rarely a problem for people with Type 2 diabetes,
as they still produce some insulin.
If You Have DKA Symptoms:
- DKA is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
- Call your doctor with your blood glucose and urine ketone
test results.
- Continue taking your insulin.
More insulin may be prescribed.
Symptoms of DKA
- High blood glucose levels (>240 mg/dL (> 13.3 mmol/L)).
- Ketones in urine.
- Increased thirst and urination.
- Nausea, vomiting, and/or stomach pain.
- Changes in or difficulty breathing.
- Acid or fruity smell on breath
- Flushing
- Dehydration
- Passing out
- Fatigue
How to Prevent DKA
- Always take your insulin, even when you cannot eat.
- Check your blood glucose at least once daily, preferably more
than once. Record test times and glucose levels.
- Check your urine ketones whenever your blood glucose is over
240 mg dL (13.3 mmol/L) or you are feeling ill.
- Call your doctor when you have ketones and high blood glucose;
DKA can occur rapidly, but is preventable.
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